Python Programming

print("Hello World")

# This is a comment
print("Hello")

x = 10
y = "Kapil"
print(x, y)

a = 10
b = 3.5
c = "Hello"
d = True
print(type(a), type(b), type(c), type(d))

x = "10"
y = int(x)
print(y + 5)

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello", name)

a = 10
b = 3
print(a+b, a-b, a*b, a/b, a%b, a**b, a//b)

x = 5
y = 10
print(x==y, x!=y, x>y, x<y)

x = True
y = False
print(x and y, x or y, not x)

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("Greater than 5")

x = 2
if x > 5:
    print("Greater")
else:
    print("Smaller")

x = 10
if x < 5:
    print("Less")
elif x==10:
    print("Equal to 10")
else:
    print("Greater")

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1

for i in range(10):
    if i==5:
        break
    print(i)

for i in range(5):
    if i==2:
        continue
    print(i)

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0])
fruits.append("mango")

numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
numbers.append(6)
numbers.pop(0)
print(numbers[1:4])

t = (1, 2, 3)
print(t[0])

t = (1,2,3)
print(t[1:])

s = {1,2,3,3,4}
print(s)

a = {1,2,3}
b = {2,3,4}
print(a|b, a&b, a-b)
a.add(5)

student = {"id":1,"name":"Kapil"}
print(student["name"])

student["age"]=25
print(student.get("id"))
del student["name"]

def greet(name):
    return "Hello " + name
print(greet("Kapil"))

def add(a,b):
    return a+b
print(add(5,3))

def greet(name="User"):
    print("Hello", name)
greet()
greet("Kapil")

def greet(name, age):
    print(name, age)
greet(age=25, name="Kapil")

def square(x):
    return x*x
print(square(5))

square = lambda x: x*x
print(square(5))

nums = [1,2,3]
squared = list(map(lambda x:x*x, nums))
print(squared)

nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
even = list(filter(lambda x:x%2==0, nums))
print(even)

from functools import reduce
nums=[1,2,3,4]
sum = reduce(lambda x,y:x+y, nums)
print(sum)

s = "Hello"
print(s[0], s[1:4])

s="Hello World"
print(s.lower(), s.upper(), s.replace("World","Kapil"))

name="Kapil"
age=25
print(f"My name is {name} and age is {age}")

s="Hello"
print("H" in s, "X" not in s)

f = open("file.txt","w")
f.write("Hello World")
f.close()

f = open("file.txt","r")
print(f.read())
f.close()

with open("file.txt","r") as f:
    print(f.read())

import math
print(math.sqrt(16))

import random
print(random.randint(1,10))

import math
print(math.ceil(4.2), math.floor(4.8))

import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now)

try:
    x = 10/0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")

try:
    x = 10/0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Error")
finally:
    print("End")

x = -5
if x<0:
    raise ValueError("x cannot be negative")

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
p = Person("Kapil",25)
print(p.name,p.age)

class Person:
    count = 0
    @classmethod
    def increase_count(cls):
        cls.count += 1
Person.increase_count()
print(Person.count)

class Math:
    @staticmethod
    def add(a,b):
        return a+b
print(Math.add(5,3))

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello",self.name)
p=Person("Kapil")
p.greet()

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.__name=name
    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name
p=Person("Kapil")
print(p.get_name())

class Person:
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello")
class Student(Person):
    pass
s=Student()
s.greet()

class A:
    def a_method(self):
        print("A")
class B:
    def b_method(self):
        print("B")
class C(A,B):
    pass
c=C()
c.a_method()
c.b_method()

class Dog:
    def speak(self):
        print("Woof")
class Cat:
    def speak(self):
        print("Meow")
for animal in [Dog(), Cat()]:
    animal.speak()

class Number:
    def __init__(self,x):
        self.x=x
    def __add__(self,other):
        return self.x+other.x
n1=Number(5)
n2=Number(10)
print(n1+n2)

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self._name=name
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name
p=Person("Kapil")
print(p.name)

lst=[1,2,3]
it=iter(lst)
print(next(it))
print(next(it))

def gen():
    for i in range(3):
        yield i
for val in gen():
    print(val)

squared=(x*x for x in range(5))
for val in squared:
    print(val)

nums=[1,2,3,4]
squares=[x*x for x in nums]
print(squares)

nums=[1,2,3]
squared={x:x*x for x in nums}
print(squared)

nums=[1,2,2,3]
squares={x*x for x in nums}
print(squares)

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Before")
        func()
        print("After")
    return wrapper
@decorator
def say():
    print("Hello")
say()

import math
print(math.factorial(5))

import os
print(os.getcwd())

# Multiclass Logistic Regression Example
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix

# Load the dataset
df = pd.read_csv("multiclass_product_data.csv")
print(df.head())

# Encode categorical variables
df = pd.get_dummies(df, columns=["Product_Category", "Store_Size"], drop_first=True)

# Define features and target
X = df.drop("Target_Product_Type", axis=1)
y = df["Target_Product_Type"]

# Train-test split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)

# Feature scaling
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_scaled = scaler.transform(X_test)

# Train One-vs-Rest Logistic Regression
ovr_model = LogisticRegression(multi_class="ovr", solver="liblinear")
ovr_model.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)
y_pred_ovr = ovr_model.predict(X_test_scaled)

# Train One-vs-One Logistic Regression
ovo_model = LogisticRegression(multi_class="ovo", solver="liblinear")
ovo_model.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)
y_pred_ovo = ovo_model.predict(X_test_scaled)

# Evaluate both models
print("One-vs-Rest Classification Report:")
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred_ovr))
print("One-vs-One Classification Report:")
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred_ovo))

# Confusion Matrix for OvR
cm_ovr = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred_ovr)
print("Confusion Matrix (OvR):")
print(cm_ovr)

import re
pattern="a.*b"
text="acb"
if re.match(pattern,text):
    print("Match")

import json
data={"name":"Kapil","age":25}
json_str=json.dumps(data)
print(json_str)

import sys
print(sys.argv)

import os
print(os.listdir("."))

import shutil
shutil.copy("file1.txt","file2.txt")

import pickle
data={"name":"Kapil"}
with open("data.pkl","wb") as f:
    pickle.dump(data,f)

python -m venv myenv

pip install requests

import requests
r=requests.get("https://api.github.com")
print(r.status_code)

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html="<p>Hello</p>"
soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
print(soup.p.text)

import csv
with open("data.csv","w",newline="") as f:
    writer=csv.writer(f)
    writer.writerow(["Name","Age"])

import pandas as pd
df=pd.DataFrame({"Name":["Kapil","Amit"],"Age":[25,30]})
print(df)

print(df["Name"])
print(df.iloc[0])

print(df[df["Age"]>25])

df["Country"]="India"
print(df)

df.drop("Country",axis=1,inplace=True)
print(df)

df.fillna(0,inplace=True)

df.groupby("Age").count()

for index,row in df.iterrows():
    print(row["Name"],row["Age"])

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1,2,3],[4,5,6])
plt.show()

plt.bar(["A","B"],[10,20])
plt.show()

plt.hist([1,2,2,3,3,3,4])
plt.show()

import seaborn as sns
sns.histplot([1,2,2,3,3,3,4])

def add(a,b): return a+b
print(add(5,3))

import random
num=random.randint(1,10)
guess=int(input("Enter:"))
if guess==num:
 print("Correct")

tasks=[]
tasks.append("Study Python")
print(tasks)

contacts={}
contacts["Kapil"]="9876543210"
print(contacts)

text="Hello World"
print(len(text.split()),len(text))

import os,shutil
for f in os.listdir("."):
 if f.endswith(".txt"):
  shutil.move(f,"TextFiles/")

x=10
y=20
sum=x+y
print(sum)